​The 7 Essential Strengths Kids Need to Thrive: Parenting Insights From Dr. Michele Borba by Michele Borba, Ed.D.

Today’s kids are the smartest and most driven on record. But many of them are also the loneliest, most stressed, most risk averse and most depressed. And that was before the pandemic worsened the mental health of many of our young people.

And yet some kids are still managing to thrive. The reason some kids struggle while others shine has nothing to do with genes, GPAs or playing certain sports or instruments. It comes down to seven strengths that make kids healthier, happier and more resilient.

Here’s the catch: These strengths have got to be taught. And a single chat or some other moment in time isn’t effective. The best lessons are taught and nurtured organically and often. Read on for a rundown of the seven essential strengths that science says boost resilience and kids need, and some tips to help parents teach them.

1. Self-Confidence: Thrivers Know Who They Are

Self-confidence, that quiet understanding of “who I am,” nurtures inner assuredness and appreciation of one’s unique qualities, strengths and interests – and serves as a child’s customized road map to peak performance. Self-confidence also helps kids navigate life, stay the course, rebound from setbacks and provide sorely needed inner resources to manage adversity.

Tips for Teaching Self-Confidence

Discover your child’s “who.” Identify a few legitimate strengths that you want your child to recognize about himself. Acknowledge them so your child knows exactly what he did to deserve recognition. Carve time for your child to develop these strengths: They can become a refuge when things fall apart.

Stress their strengths, not their weaknesses. You can help your child recognize what they do well by asking the following questions: 

• “What subject/activity did you like most?” 
• “What did you look forward to doing?” 
• “What was your proudest (easiest, hardest) moment?” 
• “What did you learn about yourself?” 
• “What did you improve?” 
• “What activity do you hope to do again?”

Watch your footwork. Kids are more likely to thrive when they are in control. Start slowly stepping back so your child pulls you in the direction he wants to go.

We develop self-confidence by doing things successfully. But many parents overschedule kids, thinking we’re enriching their lives. Then, because the kids are so busy, we do things for them that they should be doing on their own. This type of "helicopter parenting" can actually squash budding self-confidence. It takes away the opportunity for skill-building. When kids do simple things for themselves, like making their own doctor appointments, they start to learn what they can achieve on their own. They start to gain confidence.

2. Empathy: Thrivers Think "We" Not "Me"

Empathy is anything but soft and fluffy: It affects our kids’ future health, wealth, authentic happiness and relationship satisfaction, and fosters resilience to overcome setbacks. Trying to raise “successful” kids without empathy shrinks thriving potential and boosts loneliness and emptiness, so kids feel depleted. Thrivers require social competence and healthy relationships to overcome setbacks and forge ahead.

Tips for Teaching Empathy

• Help them label emotions. Kids need a feeling vocabulary to feel with others so name emotions in context: “You’re happy ... frustrated ... upset.” Ask often, “How do you feel?” until you can ask, “How does she/he/they feel?”

• Provide caring opportunities. Find ongoing ways to inspire your child to practice caring. (For example, they might help a sibling or rake leaves for a homebound neighbor.) Acknowledge them with the same gusto that you have for their academics and sports so your kids know you value prosocial behaviors.

• Widen their circles of concern. It’s easier to empathize with those “like us”: our gender, race, culture, education, age and income. To foster empathy, widen your child’s social networks.

Many parents try to "curate" empathy. While they might think exposing their kids to volunteer opportunities will develop this strength, it’s not enough. A volunteer project is a single moment in time. A better approach is allowing kids to widen their circles and organically develop relationships with people who have different life circumstances. This can help them better understand and share others’ feelings and can lead them to act with compassion.

3. Self-Control: Thrivers Have Coping Skills to Put the Brakes on Impulses

The ability to control your attention, emotions, thoughts, actions and desires is one of the most highly correlated strengths to success, and a surprising untapped secret to helping kids bounce back and thrive. As self-control plummets, stress builds, and kids’ abilities to focus, delay temptations and regulate behavior decreases. Before you try building your child’s self-control, seriously reflect on your own behavior. For instance: How do you act in front of your kids when your self-control is lacking? We are living textbooks to our kids. Model what you hope your child catches.

Tips for Teaching Self-Control

• Help them recognize stress warnings. Point out your child’s stress signs until she can recognize them. For example, say: “Your hands are in a fist.” “You’re grinding your teeth.” “Your feet are bouncing.”

• Teach your kids 1-2 breathing. This type of breathing consists of taking a slow, deep breath and then exhaling twice as long as the inhale. This gets oxygen to the brain and helps kids stay in control.

• Teach them to use positive phrases. Positive words (like “I’ve got this!” “Breathe!” “Stay calm. Carry on.”) can override the fear signal in our brains and reduce stress. Offer a range and encourage your child to choose one phrase until it’s automatic.

Children today live in a more high-stress environment than previous generations, and this creates a lot of opportunities for breakdowns. It is likely harder for them to learn self-control than it was for us. Yet when we try to excuse their behavior by saying, “They have a lot going on” – or worse, remove them from stressful situations – we do them no favors. They need to master the tools for self-control so they can thrive in a stressful world.

4. Integrity: Thrivers Have Strong Moral Codes and Know What They Stand For

Children with integrity are true to themselves and honest with others, as well as tenacious, responsible, courageous and resilient. This fourth strength sets boundaries, provides inner power to resist temptations and offers kids guidance on how to act the right way even when we’re not there. Integrity isn’t made up of DNA (or GPA) but of learned beliefs, skills and attitudes to help kids become their personal best and thrive – the exact type of people we need in our callous, me-first world.

Tips for Teaching Integrity

• Praise integrity when your child displays it. Describe the action so your child knows what he did that deserves recognition, so he will be more likely to repeat the behavior.

• Use virtue mantras. Find one that fits your family’s values like “Honesty is the best policy.” “Always be kind.” “Tell the truth.” Keep repeating and explaining the one phrase in context until your kids can use it without you.

• Find a “kid-concern” cause. Contribution can develop integrity, if the experience is developmentally appropriate and meaningful. Find a project that matches your child’s passion like volunteering at a soup kitchen or playing games with kids at a shelter.

Integrity is one of the toughest strengths to instill because with so few other parents teaching it to their kids, it might seem unfair to your child. Lack of integrity is an overwhelming problem for adults in our society, so don’t be surprised if you get some pushback when you try to teach it to your kids.

5. Curiosity: Thrivers Think Outside the Box

Curiosityhelps children to find solutions, challenges them to explore diverse ideas, motivates them to follow their passions and encourages them to greet each day with “What else can I discover?” And when kids face obstacles, this strength helps them think of ways to resolve their problem and find new ways to “pick themselves up and start all over again.” Curiosity prepares our children for an uncertain 21st century, helps them thrive both in and out of classrooms, and must be developed.

Tips for Teaching Curiosity

• Use open-ended toys, gadgets and games. Creative kids thrive on experiences where they can let their imaginations go wild and don’t have to worry about “right” answers.

• Stretch inquisitiveness. Instead of “That won’t work,” try: “Let’s see what happens!” Instead of giving answers, ask: “How do you know?” or “How can you find out?”

• Allow solitude. Creative kids need time to imagine. Keep an eye on your child’s schedule, and carve in downtime without digital devices. You may need to help your child learn to enjoy his own company. Thrivers generally have hobbies they use to help decompress.

Our access to technology has squelched the curiosity in kids today. Now that they can instantly Google any topic, they are less likely to spend time wondering about subjects that interest them. Instead, their minds are preoccupied with social media and other meaningless "noise." Reclaiming their curiosity empowers them to try new ideas, take risks and innovate.

6. Perseverance: Thrivers Persist Without Gold Stars and Trophies

Perseverance is the strength that pushes the envelope to help kids thrive and often makes the critical difference in whether they succeed or fail. This strength keeps kids on track, gets them closer to their dreams and helps them thrive – and can be stretched and improved with the right lessons. It’s all why we must add teaching this sixth strength to our parenting lessons.

Tips for Teaching Perseverance

• Erase: “Mistakes are bad.” When your child makes a mistake on a test, say: “A success secret is figuring out how to learn from mistakes so you don’t repeat the same error. Let’s look at your test and find how to correct it.”

• Redefine success as a “GAIN.” For example, you might say: “Monday, you got two words correct; today you got five! That’s a GAIN!” Or: “Last week you hit one run; today you got two. That’s a GAIN!”

• Cultivate a growth mindset. Praising your child’s effort, not the end product, helps kids recognize that success isn’t locked into DNA but increases with hard work and practice.

Life today has become a series of short-term engagements. We see this even in the gig economy. Culturally, people are no longer encouraged to keep up with anything we are not happy doing in the moment, or to struggle to master something. No wonder our kids are so inclined to just give up. Teaching perseverance counteracts all this. It encourages tenacity and the resolve to bounce back.

7. Optimism: Thrivers Find the Silver Lining

Optimistic kids view challenges and obstacles as temporary and able to be overcome, and so they are more likely to keep on going and succeed despite adversity. Ungrounded pessimistic thinking erodes resilience, shortchanges thriving abilities and erodes hope. But optimism can be taught.

Tips for Teaching Optimism

• Keep your pessimism in check. Our negativity and fears spill over to our kids and can erode their positive outlook on life. Be the model you want your kids to copy.

• Share good news. Look for uplifting stories of everyday good guys in newspapers, websites or the community to help your child focus on the positives. Review them at family meals or text inspiring stories to each other.

• Develop a positive motto. Help your child create a mantra like “I got this,” “I can do it” or “I can handle it” to counter negative thoughts. Make it sticky and easy to remember.

It’s culturally popular to have a pessimistic mindset. Cynicism is cool. There’s a 24/7 stream of bad news coming at them from all directions. Plus, the social media factor makes it easy for kids to unfavorably compare themselves to others. The ability to remain optimistic in the face of uncertainty is a survival skill. There can be no resilience without it.

To thrive in a technologically driven, fear-based, rapidly changing 21st-century world, kids need strength of heart, mind and will. The seven essential character strengths build strong inner foundations so kids can handle life’s inevitable bumps and lead successful, fulfilled lives. Developing them may well be the greatest parenting gift we can give, because our children will have protective factors to face inevitable hardships and be more likely to live meaningful lives without us.

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