Melanoma in Kids: 6 Tips From St. Jude Hospital to Protect Kids From Extreme Sun Exposure by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Sun damage is a major risk factor for melanoma in kids, and protection must start early. Dr. Alberto Pappo, director of the Solid Tumor Division at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, says there are important things for parents to keep in mind this summer season, including simple and effective tips to best protect children from the harmful effects of the sun.

“Don’t assume children cannot get skin cancer because of their age. Unlike other cancers, the conventional melanoma that we see mostly in adolescents behaves the same as it does in adults,” said Dr. Pappo. “Children are not immune from extreme sun damage and parents should start sun protection early and make it a habit for life.”

• Try to avoid going outdoors when the sun’s rays are the strongest, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. Children should avoid direct UV rays as best possible.

• For infants younger than 6 months of age, no sun at all is best. They can be at the beach or outdoors this summer, but need to be covered up, have on a hat and cover up their neck and extremities. It is best to avoid sunscreen on babies younger than 6 months old because they can get significantly more exposure to the chemicals in sunscreen compared to older patients.

• Sunscreen should be broad spectrum (effective against both UVA and UVB rays) and at least 15 SPF, although there is little evidence that anything above 50 SPF provides additional protective effects.

• Water-resistant sunscreen does not mean it should be applied only once. No more than a couple of hours should pass between applications, especially if one is sweating and in and out of the water.

• Avoid tanning beds. The increase in melanoma among teenagers is partly due to their use of tanning beds. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has determined that indoor tanning beds increase melanoma risk 75 percent in people who begin using them before the age of 30.

• Early diagnosis is key. If a child has a mole, parents should make their pediatrician aware as soon as possible. Early identification and removal of melanoma is critical. If caught early, chances for survival are significantly higher. Early detection also means less invasive surgical procedures may be necessary, as well as a smaller chance of the tumor spreading.